مروری بر بهینه‌سازی فرمول‌بندی و سازوکار خودترمیمی پوشش‌های پلی‌اوره
محورهای موضوعی : سامانه های پلیمری تحریک پذیرمعین بهزادپور 1 , مهدی همتیان دامغانی 2
1 - گروه شيمي
2 - دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
کلید واژه: پوشش پلی‌اوره, خودترمیمی, سازوکار خودترمیمی, بهینه‌سازی فرمول‌بندی,
چکیده مقاله :
پلیمرهای خودترمیم شونده به‌عنوان دسته‌ای از پلیمرهای هوشمند طبقه‌بندی می‌شوند که قابلیت محافظت و جلوگیری از ایجاد نقص ساختاری در سطوح مختلف را دارند. پلی‌اورتان و پلی‌اوره از جمله پوشش‌هایی هستند که امروزه در کاربردهای صنعتی گوناگون مورد توجه قرار گرفته‌اند. پوشش‌های پلی‌اوره در مقایسه با پوشش‌های پلی‌اورتان باوجود فرایند شکل‌گیری مشابه دارای خواص متفاوتی هستند که از جمله آن می‌توان به مقاومت کششی بالاتر و زمان پخت کوتاه‌تر پلی‌اوره اشاره کرد. اساس عملکرد سازوکار خودترمیمی در پلی‌اوره شامل موارد گوناگونی است که ناشی از معرفی روزافزون اجزایی با قابلیت پلیمری شدن و در نهایت ترمیم آسیب‌های به‌وجود آمده در مواد هستند. راه‌حل کاربردی دیگر، استفاده از واکنش‌های شیمیایی پیوسته است که باعث شکل‌گیری پیوندهای شیمیایی و جبران آسیب‌های به‌وجودآمده بر روی مواد مختلف می‌شود. در این گزارش به‌منظور یافتن فرایندهای موثر خودترمیمی به بررسی سازوکارهای ذاتی و غیرذاتی مرتبط با پوشش‌های پلی‌اوره پرداخته شده است. همچنین، بهینه‌سازی و اصلاح فرمول‌بندی در جهت دست‌یابی به پوشش‌های خودترمیمی با خواص مکانیکی بالا در کوتاه‌ترین زمان ممکن مورد بحث قرار خواهد گرفت. انتخاب نوع و نسبت دی‌ایزوسیانات‌ها، همچنین گسترش‌دهنده زنجیر می‌تواند تأثیر قابل‌توجهی در تسریع فرایند خودترمیمی و بهبود کارایی این نوع پوشش‌ها در طی فرایند آماده‌سازی پوشش‌های پلی‌اوره داشته باشد.
Self-healing polymers are categorized as smart materials that are capable of surface protection and prevention of structural failure. Polyurethane/polyurea, as one of the representative coatings, has also attracted attention for industrial applications. Compared with polyurethane, polyurea coating, with a similar formation process, provides higher tensile strength and requires shorter curing time. The working principle of polyurea self-healing mechanisms is to fill cracks by introducing more healing components, which can polymerize and seal damage in the material. Alternatively, it can also be addressed by encouraging continuous chemical reactions, which can form bonds to close gaps between the separated faces of material due to the damage. In this paper, extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms are reviewed to address the efficiency of the self-healing process. Furthermore, the extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms have been compared to attain a better understanding of the advantages and limitations of each mechanism. Moreover, formulation optimization and strategic improvement to ensure self-healing within a shorter period of time with acceptable recovery of mechanical strength are also discussed. The choice and ratio of diisocyanates, as well as the choice of chain extender, are believed to have a crucial effect on the acceleration of the self-healing process and enhance self-healing efficiency during the preparation of polyurea coatings.
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