مروری بر خودترمیم‌شوندگی پلی‌یورتان‌ها با استفاده از پیوندهای شیمیایی و فیزیکی پویا
محورهای موضوعی : سامانه های پلیمری تحریک پذیر
1 - تهران، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین ع
کلید واژه: پلی‌یورتان, خودترمیم‌شوندگی, پیوندکووالانسی پویا, حافظه شکلی, فاز نرم و سخت,
چکیده مقاله :
سازوکارهای خودترمیم‌شوندگی در پلی‌یورتان‌ها شامل استفاده از پیوندهای کووالانسی پویا همچون پیوندهای دی‌سولفیدی، ایمینی، بوروکسینی، آلوکسی‌آمین و . . . و پیوندهای غیرکووالانسی فیریکی پویا همچون پیوندهای هیدروژنی یگانه و چندگانه، کوئوردیناسیونی فلزی، یونی و . . . مورد بررسی و مرور قرار گرفتند. شرایط ترمیم‌شوندگی و عوامل محرک خارجی مورد نیاز برای آغاز خودترمیم‌شوندگی این سازوکارها بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد در بسیاری از سازوکارها همچون استفاده از پیوندهای پویای بوروکسینی و یا ایمینی بهره‌گیری از عامل محرک خارجی همچون تغلیظ سطحی با محلول اتانول و یا اعمال دماهای بالا ضروری و اجتناب‌ناپذیر است. مرور منابع علمی نشان داد استفاده از پلی‌ال‌های با قابلیت تعویض‌کننده در فاز نرم موجب بهره‌گیری از قابلیت حافظه‌شکلی و تسهیل بیشتر خودترمیم‌شوندگی وعدم نیاز به نیرو و فشار خارجی جهت تماس و نزدیک کردن سطوح ترک‌خورده خواهد شد. نتایج نشان داد ترکیب سازوکارهای کووالانسی پویا و غیرکووالانسی پویا در دستیابی به خواص مکانیکی مطلوب و شرایط خودترمیم‌شوندگی تسهیل‌شده راهگشاست. اصول حاکم بر انتخاب هریک از سگمنت‌های نرم و سخت جهت بیشینه گردیدن خواص خودترمیمی در شرایط محیطی مرور گردید. نتایج نشان داد فازهای سخت با حداقل برهم‌کنش حاصل از عوامل پخت یا گسترش‌دهنده زنجیر نامتقارن ایزوفورن دی‌ایزوسیانات یا ایزوفورن دی‌آمین منجر به تسهیل خودترمیم‌شوندگی خواهد گردید. استفاده از پلی‌ال‌های دارای اکسیژن همچون پلی‌تترامتیلن اتر گلیکول موجب سهیم‌شدن فاز نرم در خودترمیم‌شوندگی با سازوکار پیوند هیدروژنی خواهدشد.
Self-healing mechanisms in polyurethanes, including the use of dynamic covalent bonds such as disulfide, imine, boroxine, alkoxyamine bonds, etc., and dynamic non-covalent bonds such as single and multiple hydrogen bonds, metal coordination, etc., were investigated and reviewed. The conditions for healing and the external driving factors required to initiate self-healing of these mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that in many mechanisms such as the use of dynamic boroxine or imine bonds, the use of an external driving factor such as surface condensation with ethanol solution or the application of high temperatures is necessary and unavoidable. A review of scientific literature showed that the use of polyols with switching capabilities in the soft phase will benefit from the shape memory capability and further facilitate self-healing, and will eliminate the need for external force and pressure to contact and bring cracked surfaces closer. The results showed that the combination of dynamic covalent and dynamic non-covalent mechanisms is a key to achieving desirable mechanical properties and facilitated self-healing conditions. The principles governing the selection of each of the soft and hard segments to maximize self-healing properties under ambient conditions were reviewed. The results showed that hard phases with minimal interaction from curing agents or asymmetric chain extenders such as isophorone diisocyanate or isophorone diamine will facilitate self-healing. The use of polyols such as polytetramethylene ether glycol containing oxygen atoms will contribute to the soft phase in self-healing by the hydrogen bonding mechanism.
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