مروری برپیشرفتهترین بازدارنده‌های پلیمری سبز برای کنترل تشکیل رسوب در مدارات خنک کننده
محورهای موضوعی : زیست پلاستیک ها و پلیمرهای تجديد پذیر
مجید میرزایی
1
(پژوهشگاه نیرو)
عباس یوسف پور
2
(عضو هیات علمی گروه پژوهشی گروه شیمی و فرآیند (استادیار)، پژوهشگاه نیرو، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: رسوب, ممانعت کننده سبز, پلی آسپارتیک اسید, زیست تخریب پذیری, پایداری,
چکیده مقاله :
رسوب‌گذاری مقیاس[1] یکی از مشکلاتی است که در آب حاوی یون‌های نمک‌های کم‌محلول رخ می‌دهد. یکی از روش‌های رایج برای کنترل رسوب مقیاس، استفاده از ضدرسوب است. برای کنترل رسوب در سیستم‌های آب خنک‌کننده، فرایندهای تصفیه آب و عملیات‌های نفتی، مقادیر زیادی از بازدارنده‌های پلیمری مقیاس به کار می‌روند. همانند اکثر پلیمرهای سنتی، بازدارنده‌های مقیاس برای ماندگاری طولانی‌مدت طراحی شده‌اند و سال‌ها پس از دور ریخته شدنشان باقی می‌مانند. با افزایش دغدغه‌های محیط زیستی و محدودیت‌های تخلیه، شیمی بازدارنده‌های رسوب به سمت استفاده از "ضدرسوب‌های سبز" که به آسانی تجزیه می‌شوند و حرکت کمی در محیط دارند و بدین ترتیب تأثیر زیست‌محیطی کمتری داشته باشند، روی آورده است. این موضوع چالشی است تا سطوح مطلوبی از کارایی را با دوزهای اقتصادی فراهم کند. گزارش‌های متعددی در مورد شیمی و محصولات جدید بازدارنده رسوب منتشر شده که از نظر زیست‌محیطی نسبت به ضدرسوب‌های معمولی پذیرفتنی‌تر هستند. این مقاله‌ی مروری خلاصه‌ای از تلاش‌ها برای توسعه بازدارنده‌های مقیاس اقتصادی و زیست‌محیطی بی‌ضرر را ارائه می‌دهد. در حال حاضر، امیدوارکننده‌ترین بازدارنده‌های مقیاس سبز بر پایه اسید پلی‌آسپارتیک هستند. با این حال، داده‌های عملیاتی میدانی بسیار محدودی وجود دارد و استفاده گسترده از بازدارنده‌های مقیاس اسید پلی‌آسپارتیک در انتظار کسب تجربه‌های بیشتر در عملیات‌های میدانی است.
Scale deposition is one of the problems that occur in water-containing ions of sparingly soluble salts. One of the common methods for controlling scale deposition is the use of anti-scale agents. To control of scale in cooling water systems, water treatment processes, and oil operations, large amounts of polymeric scale inhibitors are used. Like most traditional polymers, scale inhibitors are designed for long-term durability and remain for years after being discarded. With increasing environmental concerns and discharge limitations, the chemistry of scale inhibitors has shifted towards the use of "green anti-scale agents" that are easily degradable, have minimal environmental mobility, and thus have a lesser environmental impact. This presents a challenge to provide acceptable levels of efficiency with economical dosages. Numerous reports have been published on the chemistry and new products of scale inhibitors that are more environmentally acceptable than conventional anti-scale agents. This review article provides a summary of efforts to develop economical and environmentally harmless scale inhibitors. Currently, the most promising green-scale inhibitors are based on polyaspartic acid. However, there is very limited field operational data, and the widespread use of polyaspartic acid scale inhibitors is awaiting further experience in field operations.
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