خواص و روش‌های ساخت داربست برای استفاده در مهندسی بافت
محورهای موضوعی : پلیمرها در انرژی و کاربردهای بهداشتی و محیطی
محمد رسولی
1
(دانشگاه رازی (دوره روزانه) )
سهیلا کاشانیان
2
(دانشگاه رازی)
کلید واژه: مهندسی بافت , داربست , سلول های بنیادی , نانو فناوري,
چکیده مقاله :
مهندسی بافت علمی است که از ترکیب داربست، سلول و مولکول‌های زیستی فعال برای ساخت بافتی با هدف بازسازی یا حفظ عملکرد و بهبود بافت آسیب‌دیده یا حتی اندامی در آزمایشگاه استفاده می‌کند. پوست و غضروف مصنوعی ازجمله بافت‌های مهندسی‌شده‌ای هستند که سازمان غذا و داروی آمریکا (FDA) آن‌ها را برای استفاده بالینی تأیید کرده است. دقت در طراحی و ساخت داربست با خواص ایده‌آل مانند زیست‌سازگاری، زیست‌تخریب‌پذیری، ویژگی‌های مکانیکی و سطحی برای کاربرد در مهندسی بافت بسیار مهم است. علاوه بر این، این روش‌ها باید بتوانند داربست‌های ساخته‌شده را از حالت بالقوه به کاربردهای بالفعل ترجمه کنند. فناوری‌های ساخت متعددی برای طراحی داربست‌های سه‌‌بعدی ایده‌آل با ساختارهای نانو و میکرو کنترل‌شده برای دستیابی به پاسخ زیستی نهایی استفاده شده‌اند. این بررسی برنامه‌های کاربردی و پارامترهای ایده‌آل (زیستی، مکانیکی و زیست‌تخریب‌پذیری) داربست‌ها را برای مهندسی‌های مختلف زیست‌پزشکی و بافت برجسته می‌کند. این بررسی به‌طور مفصل در مورد روش‌های مختلف طراحی توسعه‌یافته و استفاده‌شده برای طراحی ساخت داربست‌ها بحث می‌کند در این روش‌ها شامل ریخته‌گری با حلال/ حلال شویی (Leaching) ذرات، خشک کردن انجمادی، جداسازی فاز ناشی از حرارت (TIPS)، کف گازی (GF)، فوم پودری، سل-ژل، ریسندگی الکتریکی، سنگ نگاری فضايی (SLA)، مدل‌سازی رسوب ذوب‌شده (FDM)، تف‌جوشی لیزری انتخابی (SLS)، روش جت حامل، چاپ جوهرافشان، چاپ زیستی به کمک لیزر، نوشتن سلولی مستقیم و تولید افزودنی مبتنی بر فلز با تمرکز بر مزایا، محدودیت‌ها و کاربرد آن‌ها در مهندسی بافت مورد بررسی قرار می‌گيرد.
Tissue engineering is a science that uses the combination of scaffolds, cells and active biomolecules to make a tissue in order to restore or maintain the function and improve the damaged tissue or even an organ in the laboratory. Artificial skin and cartilage are among the engineered tissues that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use. Accuracy in the design and fabrication of scaffolds with ideal properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical and surface properties is very important for applications in tissue engineering. Furthermore, these techniques should be able to translate the fabricated scaffolds from potential to actual applications. Several fabrication technologies have been used to design ideal 3D scaffolds with controlled nano- and micro-structures to achieve the ultimate biological response. This review highlights the applications and ideal parameters (biological, mechanical and biodegradability) of scaffolds for various biomedical and tissue engineering applications. This review discusses in detail the various design methods developed and used to design scaffolds, namely solvent casting/particle leaching, freeze drying, thermally induced phase separation (TIPS), gas foaming. (GF), powder foam, sol-gel, electrospinning, stereolithography (SLA), fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), jet binder technique, inkjet printing, laser-assisted bioprinting, writing It reviews direct cell and metal-based additive manufacturing, focusing on their advantages, limitations, and applications in tissue engineering.
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