بررسی تأثیر میکروپلاستیک ها بر صنعت آبزی پروری
محورهای موضوعی : پليمرها و نانوفناوری
زینب سلحشور
1
,
فرزاد مهرجو
2
,
احسان شکری
3
*
1 - بخش تحقیقات نانوتکنولوژی، پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
2 - گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، مرکز آموزش عالی کاشمر، کاشمر، ایران
3 - بخش تحقیقات نانوتکنولوژی، پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
کلید واژه: میکروپلاستیک, آبزی پروری, محیط زیست, صنعت, ماهیگیری,
چکیده مقاله :
آلودگی میکروپلاستیک در محیط آبزیپروری و محصولات آبزیپروری بهطور جهانی گسترش یافته و به روش‌های مختلف به محیط‌های آبزیپروری وارد میشود. میکروپلاستیکها می‌توانند در محصولات آبزیپروری انباشته شوند. از اینرو، می‌توانند بین سطوح تغذیه‌ای از گیاهخواران به گوشتخواران منتقل شوند. همچنین مشکل تجمع آنها در بسیاری از استخرها و اماکن پروش آبزیان وجود دارد. هدف از این مقاله بررسی تأثیر میکروپلاستیکها بر صنعت آبزیپروری و سلامت محیطزیست و انسان بوده است. منابع میکروپلاستیک در آبزیپروری را میتوان به میکروپلاستیکهای وارد شده از محیط خارجی (شامل رودخانه، دریا، خشکی و جو) و طی فرآیند آبزیپروری (شامل کهنگی و سایش وسایل ماهیگیری پلاستیکی، تغذیه و بستهبندی محصولات آبزیپروری) تقسیمبندی کرد. از جمله منابع میکروپلاستیک رودخانه میتوان به پساب‌های صنعتی، فعالیت‌های انسانی، تصفیه‌خانه‌های فاضلاب، فعالیت‌های کشاورزی و غیره اشاره کرد. همچنین در میان فاضلاب‌های صنعتی، فاضلاب نساجی منبع اصلی میکروپلاستیکهای فیبری در رودخانه‌ها بودند. به دلیل غوطهوری طولانیمدت، فرسایش، سایش و برخورد، تورها، طنابهای ماهیگیری، توپهای شناور و سایر محصولات پلاستیکی مورداستفاده برای کشت در قفس و کشت قایق می‌توانند میکروپلاستیک تولید کنند و به محیط آبزیپروری وارد شوند. این آلایندههای پلیمری، اثرات سمی بر روی ریزجلبکهای موجود در آب گذاشته که می‌تواند بر تعادل بومشناختی محیط آبزیپروری تأثیر بگذارد. برخی مطالعات نشان داده‌اند که میکروپلاستیک‌هایی با قطر حداکثر 130 میکرومتر می‌توانند به رگ‌های خونی و غدد لنفاوی پستانداران نفوذ و با گردش خون و لنف به قسمت‌های مختلف بدن منتقل شوند. پس با توجه به تاثیر میکروپلاستیکها بر صنعت آبزیپروری و سلامت انسان و محیطزیست، نیازمند توجه جدی به این موضوع میباشد.
Microplastic pollution in aquaculture environment and products has spread globally and entered aquaculture environment in different ways. Microplastics can accumulate in aquaculture products. They can be transferred between trophic levels from herbivores to carnivores. Also, there is a problem of their accumulation in many pools and places for breeding aquatic animals. This research aimed to investigate the impact of microplastics on aquaculture industry and the health of the environment and humans. The sources of microplastics in aquaculture can be microplastics imported from the external environment (including river, sea, land, atmosphere) and during the process of aquaculture (including aging and wear of plastic fishing equipment, feeding, and packaging of products Aquaculture) was divided. Among the river microplastic sources, we can mention industrial effluents, human activities, sewage treatment plants, agricultural activities, etc. Also, among industrial, textile wastewater was the main source of fibrous microplastics in rivers. Due to long-term immersion, erosion, wear and impact, nets, fishing lines, floating balls, and other plastic products used for cage and boat culture can produce microplastics and enter the aquaculture environment. These polymer pollutants have toxic effects on the microalgae in the water, which can affect the ecological balance of the aquaculture environment. Some studies have shown that microplastics with maximum diameter of 130-micrometers can penetrate blood vessels and lymph nodes of mammals and transported to different parts of body through blood and lymph circulation. Therefore, due to the impact of microplastics on aquaculture industry, human health, and environment, this issue requires serious attention.
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