مروری بر غشاهای جدید اسمز معکوس و کاربردهای آن
محورهای موضوعی : زیست پلاستیک ها و پلیمرهای تجديد پذیر
مهرنوش محمدی
1
(دانشگاه تهران جنوب)
کلید واژه: غشای اسمز معکوس, سلولزاستات, لایه نازک کامپوزیتی, پلی آمید, نانوذرات,
چکیده مقاله :
اسمز معکوس در بین دیگر فرایندهای غشایی محبوبیت بیشتری دارد؛ به طوری که پیش بینی شده است که ارزش بازار جهانی آن تا سال 2026 به 5 میلیارد دلار برسد. عدم استفاده از مواد شیمیایی، مقاومت مکانیکی بالا تعمیر، نگه داری و توسعه آسان از ویژگی های غشای اسمز معکوس است. غشای سلولزاستات قدیمی ترین نوع غشای اسمز معکوس است که شامل یک لایه بالایی روی یک لایه متخلخل پشتیبان است که با افزایش درجه استیل دار شدن، انتخاب پذیری و شار عبوری از غشا نیز افزایش پیدا می کند. غشای لایه نازک کامپوزیتی در ترکیب با پلی آمید ضعف های غشای سلولزاستات را کاهش داده است. ساختار غشای لایه نازک کامپوزیتی- پلی آمیدی شامل لایه انتخاب پذیر نازک روی پشتیبان متخلخل است. لایه پشتیبان خواص مکانیکی غشا را افزایش می دهد. استفاده از نانوذرات و نانو لوله های کربنی در ساختار غشای لایه نازک می تواند به طور قابل توجهی سبب افزایش شار عبوری از غشا با حفظ میزان حذف املاح شود. نمک زدایی از آب لب شور و دریا، کاهش سختی آب ورودی به دیگ بخار، تصفیه پساب نفتی، حذف فلزات سنگین و... تعدادی از کاربردهای غشای اسمز معکوس است. در این مقاله به جنس، کاربرد و توسعه های اخیر غشاهای اسمز معکوس پرداخته شده است.
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