مروری بر فناوری چاپ سه‌بعدی پلیمری: مواد، فرایند و راهبرد های طراحی برای کاربردهای پزشکی
محورهای موضوعی : پلیمرها و چاپ سه بعدی
1 - گروه پليمر
کلید واژه: چاپ سه بعدی, پلیمرها, فناوری مشبک ها, مهندسی, پزشکی,
چکیده مقاله :
چاپ سه‌بعدی پلیمری فناوری نوظهوری است که تحقیقات بیشتر در این زمینه منجر به بهبود مستمر عملکرد طراحی چاپ سه‌بعدی پلیمری و پیشبرد مرزها در مهندسی و پزشکی مي شود. چاپ سه‌بعدی پلیمری امکان چاپ قطعات کاربردی کم‌هزینه با خواص و قابلیت های متنوع را فراهم می کند. در اینجا، تحقیقات مربوط به مواد، فرایندها و راهبرد‌های مرتبط با کاربردهای پزشکی ارائه و بررسي مي شود. تحقیقات در مواد منجر به توسعه پلیمرهایی با ویژگی‌های مفید مکانیکي و زیست‌سازگاری شده است. تنظیم خواص مکانیکی با تغییر عوامل فرایند چاپ به دست می‌آید. فناوری های چاپ سه‌بعدی پلیمری شامل اکستروژن، لایه‌برداری ورق، پليمري شدن نوري، لایه افزایشی، هم‌جوشی مبتنی بر پودر، پاشش مواد و رسوب مستقیم است، که روش هاي جوهرافشان حرارتی و لیزری رایج‌تر هستند. دو فناوری لایه‌برداری ورق و رسوب مستقیم در کاربردهای پزشکی كمتر استفاده مي شوند. رسوب مستقیم مواد، طراحی معماری های سودمند و سفارشی را امکان پذیر می کند. راهکار‌های طراحی، مانند توزیع سلسله‌مراتبی مواد، تعادل خواص متضاد را ممکن می‌سازد. کاربردهای پزشکی بیشتر بررسی‌شده شامل داربست های بافتی، کاشتينه‌های دندانی، آموزش پزشکی، سامانه‌های تحویل دارو و تجهیزات ایمنی می‌شود. در آخر به مطالعه چالش ها و موانع چاپ سه‌بعدی پلیمری پرداخته مي شود.
چكيده انگليسي Polymer 3D printing is an emerging technology that further research in this field will lead to continuous improvement of polymer 3D printing design performance, which is necessary to push the boundaries in engineering and medicine. Polymer 3D printing provides the possibility of printing low-cost functional parts with various properties and capabilities. Here, by reviewing research on materials, processes and related strategies applied for medical applications, it is presented. Research in materials has led to the development of polymers with useful properties for mechanics and biocompatibility, by tuning the mechanical properties achieved by changing the parameters of the printing process. Polymer 3D printing technologies include extrusion, sheet lamination, Vat photo polymerization, additive layer, powder-based fusion, material projection, direct energy deposition. Thermal and laser inkjet techniques are more common. The two technologies of sheet exfoliation and direct energy deposition have limited medical applications. Which enables the direct deposition of design materials for useful and customized architectures. Design strategies, such as the hierarchical distribution of materials, make it possible to balance contrasting properties. The most investigated medical applications include tissue scaffolds, dental implants, medical education, delivery systems, and drug safety devices. And finally, the challenges and obstacles of polymer 3D printing were studied.
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