مروري بر روش هاي نيمه تجربي تعيين مشخصه برهم کنش فلوري- هاگينز در آميزه هاي پليمري
محورهای موضوعی : روش های پیشرفته شناسایی پلیمرها
1 - دانشگاه صنعتي سهند
کلید واژه: مشخصه برهم کنش فلوري-هاگينز, کاهش دماي ذوب, ميزان تورم, زاويه تماس, نمودار فازي, فشار بخار, کروماتوگرافي گاز معکوس ,
چکیده مقاله :
مشخصه برهم کنش فلوری-هاگینز (χ)، عاملی کليدي است که بر امتزاج پذيري و مورفولوژي اجزا در آميزه هاي پليمري و در نهايت بر خواص و کاربرد محصولات نهايي اثرگذار است. اندازه گيري قابل اعتماد اين مشخصه براي درک بنيادين و کاربردهاي عملي پليمرها و هم چنين براي تعيين ارتباط کمّي ساختار- عملکرد آن‌ها، ارزشمند است. از روش هاي متفاوتي براي ارزيابي اين مشخصه استفاده مي شود. در اين مطالعه، شش روش نیمه تجربی: اندازه‌گيري کاهش دماي ذوب، تورم تعادلی، زاويه تماس، نقاط جدایی فازی، فشار بخار و سوانگاری گاز معکوس مرور شدند. در این روش ها به ترتیب دمای ذوب تعادلی پلیمر خالص و آمیزه پلیمری، میزان تورم تعادلی پلیمر شبکه ای در حضور متورم کننده، انرژی سطحی اجزای تشکیل دهنده آمیزه پلیمری، ترکیب درصد تعادلی اجزاء در سامانه دوفازی، نسبت فشار جزئي حلال به فشار جزئي اشباع آن و حجم بازداری به صورت تجربی اندازه گیری شده و پس از انطباق معادله مناسب بر این داده ها، مشخصه برهم کنش محاسبه می شود. در برخی از روش ها، مانند اندازه گیری زاویه تماس، فقط مشخصه برهم کنش مثبت در دمای آزمون قابل تعیین است. اما در برخی دیگر مانند اندازه گیری کاهش دمای ذوب، محدودیتی برای علامت مشخصه برهم کنش وجود ندارد. هم چنین، برخی از روش ها مانند تعیین نقاط جدایی فازی از قابلیت تعیین وابستگی مشخصه برهم کنش به کسر حجمی اجزا نیز برخوردارند.
The Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χ) is a crucial factor affecting the miscibility and morphology of components in polymer mixtures and their final properties and applications. The reliable measurement of the interaction parameter is worthwhile in fundamental understanding and quantitative determination of structure-performance relation and finally in practical applications of polymers in different fields. Different methods are used for evaluation of this parameter. In this study, six semi-experimental methods are reviewed: measurement of melting point depression, equilibrium swelling, contact angle, phase separation points, vapor pressure, and inverse gas chromatography. In these methods, equilibrium melting temperatures of pure polymer and its mixtures, degree of equilibrium swelling of the cross-linked polymer in the presence of swelling agent, surface energy of components in the polymeric mixtures, equilibrium components composition in the two-phase system, the ratio of partial vapor pressure of solvent to its saturated one and retention volume are experimentally measured, respectively. Then a proper equation is fitted on the data and the interaction parameter is obtained. In some methods, such as measurement of contact angle, only a positive interaction parameter at temperature of the test is obtained. But in some others, such as measurement of melting point depression, there is no constraint for the sign of interaction parameter. In addition, some methods can determine the composition dependency of the interaction parameter, such as determination of phase separation points.
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