الکترولیت های پلیمری مبتنی بر ترکیبات ارگانوسیلیکونی جهت استفاده در نسل جدید باتری ها
محورهای موضوعی : پلیمرها در انرژی و کاربردهای بهداشتی و محیطی
یونس موسائی اسگوئی
1
(مجتمع دانشگاهی مواد و فناوری‌های ساخت، دانشگاه صنعتی مالک اشتر، تهران، ایران)
حمیدرضا حیدرنژاد
2
(مجتمع دانشگاهی مواد و فناوری‌های ساخت، دانشگاه صنعتی مالک اشتر، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: الکترولیت های پلیمری, ترکیبات ارگانوسیلیکونی, باتری, لیتیوم-یون, لیتیوم-فلز,
چکیده مقاله :
در راستای دستیابی به چگالی انرژی بیشتر در باتری های یون-لیتیوم و لیتیوم-فلز، بهره گیری از الکترولیت ها و خواص مطلوب آنها کلیدی می باشد. با این حال، رفع معایبی همچون واکنش های بین سطحی کنترل نشده و تجزیه های برگشت ناپذیر در الکترولیت های متداول ضروری می باشد، زیرا به بهبود عملکرد و ایمنی باتری ها منجر خواهد شد. در این راستا، ترکیبات پلیمری ارگانوسیلیکونی به دليل خواص مطلوبی همچون عدم سمیت، اصلاح شيميايي آسان، اشتعال ناپذیری، دماي انتقال شيشه ای پايين، پايداري شيميايي و حرارتي بالا و فشار بخار پایین تر در مقایسه با الکترولیت های سنتی، مورد توجه جوامع علمی و صنعتی جهت استفاده در الکترولیت ها به عنوان اجزاي الکتروليتي (حلال یا افزودنی) قرار گرفته اند. بر این اساس در دهه اخیر تلاش‌های متعددی جهت بهبود و توسعه عملکرد الکتروليت‌هاي پليمری مبتني بر ترکيبات ارگانوسيليکون انجام شده است. مقاله مروری حاضر به بررسی پیشرفت های اخیر در زمینه خواص و عملکرد الکتروليت‌های پليمری مبتني بر ارگانوسيليکون ها جهت استفاده به عنوان الکتروليت‌های مايع، ژل و یا حالت جامد در باتري‌های يون-ليتيوم و ليتيوم-فلزی پرداخته است. انواع مختلف الکترولیت های پليمری مبتنی بر ترکيبات ارگانوسيليکونی همچون پلی سيلوکسان، و سيلسکيوکسان های اليگومری چند وجهی از منظر نقش طراحی مولکولی در رسانايی يونی، پايداری حرارتی، شيميايی و الکتروشيميايی، و نیز ايمنی باتری های مربوطه مورد بحث قرار گرفتند.
In order to achieve the higher energy density in lithium-ion and lithium-metal batteries, the use of electrolytes with desirable properties is a key factor. However, it is necessary to reduce or eliminate the disadvantages of conventional electrolytes such as irreversible decompositions and uncontrolled interfacial reactions, leading to the higher performance and safety of batteries. In this regard, the use of polymeric organosilicon compounds in electrolytes is of great industrial interests due to favorable properties such as non-toxicity, easy chemical modification, non-flammability, low glass transition temperature, high chemical and thermal stability and lower vapor pressure compared to traditional electrolytes. Accordingly, in the last decade, several efforts have been made to improve and develop the performance of polymeric electrolytes based on organosilicon compounds. This paper reviews recent developments in the field of properties and performance of polymeric electrolytes based on organosilicones for use as liquid, gel or solid state electrolytes in lithium-ion and lithium-metal batteries. Different types of polymeric electrolytes based on organosilicon compounds such as polysiloxane and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes were discussed from the point of view of the role of molecular structure in ionic conductivity, thermal stability, chemical and electrochemical stability, as well as the safety of the respective batteries.
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