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References:
1. Moore E., Propylene Handbook, Hanser, Germany, 1996.
2. Ismael A., Molecular Weight Effects on Crystallization of Propylene, PhD Thesis, Stellenbosch University, 2011.
3. شکوفه حکیم، مهدی نکومنش، علی شاهرخی نیا، اثر الکترون¬دهنده¬ها بر پلیمر شدن پروپیلن با کاتالیزور زیگلر – ناتا، بسپارش، سال سوم، شماره1، 39-48، 1392.
4. Sacchi M., Forlini M., Tritto I., Zannoni G., Activation Effect of Alkoxysilanes as External Donors in Magnesium Chloride-Supported Ziegler-Natta Catalysts, Macromolecules, 25, 5914-5918, 1992.
5. Terano M., kataoka T., Keii T., Analysis of MgCl2-Supported High-yield Catalysts by Thermal Analysis and Infrared Spectroscopy, Makromolekulare Chemie, 7, 725-731, 1986.
6. Marigo A., Marega C., Saini R., Camurati, I., Influence of Regioirregular Structural Units on the Crystallization of Isotactic Polypropylene, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 79, 2, 375-384, 2001.
7. Proto A., Oliva L., Pellecchia C., Sivak A.J., Cullo L.A., Isotactic-specific Polymerization of Propene with Supported Catalysts in the Presence of Different Modifiers, Macromolecules, 23, 2904-2907, 1990.
8. Kissin Y.V., Chadwick J.C., Mingozzi I., Morini G., Isoselectivity Distribution of Isospecific Centers in Supported Titanium-based Ziegler-Natta Catalysts, Macromol. Chem. and Phys., 207, 1344-1350, 2006.
9. Kang J., Yang F., Tong W., Polymerization Control and Fast Characterization of The Stereo-defect Distribution of Z-N IPP, Eur. Polym. J., 28, 425-434, 2012.
10. Jamjah R., Polyolefins, Idepardazan Pub., Iran, 3, 83–110, 2010
11. Sacchi M.C., Forlini F., Tritto I., Mendichi R., Zannoni G., Noristi L., Activation Effect of Alkoxysilanes as External Donors in MgCl2-Supported Ziegler-Natta Catalysts, Macromolecules., 25, 5914-5918, 1992.
12. Moore J., Polypropylene Handbook, Hanser/Gradner., Cincinnati, 14, 1996.
13. Harkonen M., Kuutti L., Seppala, J., External Silane Donors in Z-N Catalysis, Computer-based Molecular Model Calculations on Alkoxysilanes, Makromol. Chem., 193, 1413-1421, 1992.
14. Zhang H. X., Lee Y. J., Park J. R., Lee D. H., Yoon K. B., Control of Molecular Weight Distribution of polypropylene obtained by Commercial Ziegler -natta catalyst: Effect of External electron Donor, Macromol. Res., 19, 622-628, 2011.
15. Matsuoka H., Liu B., Nakatani H., Nishiyama I., Terano M., Active Sites Deterioration of MgCl2 Supported Z-N Catalyst Induced by Electron Donor Extraction by Alkylaluminum, Polym. Int., 51, 781-784, 2002.
16. Alshaiban A., Propylene Polymerization using 4th Generation Z-N Catalysts: Polymerization kinetics and Polymer Microstructure Investigation, PhD thesis, Waterloo university, 2011.
17. Sukhdeep K., Virendra R., Synthesis of Polypropylene with Varied Microstructural and Molecular Characteristics Supported Titanium Catalyst System, J. Polym. Res., 18, 235-239, 2011.
18. Soares J.B.P., Kim J.D., Rempel G.L., Analysis and Control of the Molecular Weight and Chemical Composition Distribution of Polyolefins Made with Metallocene and Ziegler- Natta Catalysts, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 36, 1144, 1997.
19. Xu J., Feng L., Application of Temperature Rising Elution Fractionation in Polyolefins, Eur. Polym. J., 36, 5, 867-878, 2000.
20. Alshaiban A., Soares J.B.P., Effect of Hydrogen and External Donor on the Microstructure of Polypropylene Made with a 4th Generation Ziegler–Natta Catalyst, Macromol. React. Eng. 7(3-4), 135-145, 2013.
21. Forte M. C. and Coutinho F. M. B., Highly Active Magnesium Chloride Supported Ziegler-Natta Catalysts with Controlled Morphology, Eur. Polym. J., 32, 2, 223–231, 1996.
22. Chadwick J.C., Morini G., Balbontin G., Camurati I., Heere J.J.R., Mingozzi I. and Testoni F., Effects of Internal and External Donors on the Regio- and Stereoselectivity of Active Species in MgCl2-Supported Catalysts for Propene Polymerization, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 202, 1995-2002, 2001.
23. Amer I., Molecular Weight Effects on Crystallization of Polypropylene, PhD Thesis , Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science of Pretoria University, 2011.
24. Hakim S., Nekoomanesh M. and ShahrokhiNia A., The Effect of Mixed and Individual Silane External Donors on the Stereo–Defect Distribution, Active sites and Properties of Polypropylene synthesized with 4th Generation Ziegler-Natta Catalyst, Polym. Sci. A., 57, 5, 573-580, 2015.
25. Harding G. W., van Reenen A. J., Polymerization and Structure-property Relationships of Ziegler-Natta Catalyzed Isotactic Polypropylenes, Eur. Polym. J., 47, 70, 2011.
1. Moore E., Propylene Handbook, Hanser, Germany, 1996.
2. Ismael A., Molecular Weight Effects on Crystallization of Propylene, PhD Thesis, Stellenbosch University, 2011.
3. شکوفه حکیم، مهدی نکومنش، علی شاهرخی نیا، اثر الکترون¬دهنده¬ها بر پلیمر شدن پروپیلن با کاتالیزور زیگلر – ناتا، بسپارش، سال سوم، شماره1، 39-48، 1392.
4. Sacchi M., Forlini M., Tritto I., Zannoni G., Activation Effect of Alkoxysilanes as External Donors in Magnesium Chloride-Supported Ziegler-Natta Catalysts, Macromolecules, 25, 5914-5918, 1992.
5. Terano M., kataoka T., Keii T., Analysis of MgCl2-Supported High-yield Catalysts by Thermal Analysis and Infrared Spectroscopy, Makromolekulare Chemie, 7, 725-731, 1986.
6. Marigo A., Marega C., Saini R., Camurati, I., Influence of Regioirregular Structural Units on the Crystallization of Isotactic Polypropylene, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 79, 2, 375-384, 2001.
7. Proto A., Oliva L., Pellecchia C., Sivak A.J., Cullo L.A., Isotactic-specific Polymerization of Propene with Supported Catalysts in the Presence of Different Modifiers, Macromolecules, 23, 2904-2907, 1990.
8. Kissin Y.V., Chadwick J.C., Mingozzi I., Morini G., Isoselectivity Distribution of Isospecific Centers in Supported Titanium-based Ziegler-Natta Catalysts, Macromol. Chem. and Phys., 207, 1344-1350, 2006.
9. Kang J., Yang F., Tong W., Polymerization Control and Fast Characterization of The Stereo-defect Distribution of Z-N IPP, Eur. Polym. J., 28, 425-434, 2012.
10. Jamjah R., Polyolefins, Idepardazan Pub., Iran, 3, 83–110, 2010
11. Sacchi M.C., Forlini F., Tritto I., Mendichi R., Zannoni G., Noristi L., Activation Effect of Alkoxysilanes as External Donors in MgCl2-Supported Ziegler-Natta Catalysts, Macromolecules., 25, 5914-5918, 1992.
12. Moore J., Polypropylene Handbook, Hanser/Gradner., Cincinnati, 14, 1996.
13. Harkonen M., Kuutti L., Seppala, J., External Silane Donors in Z-N Catalysis, Computer-based Molecular Model Calculations on Alkoxysilanes, Makromol. Chem., 193, 1413-1421, 1992.
14. Zhang H. X., Lee Y. J., Park J. R., Lee D. H., Yoon K. B., Control of Molecular Weight Distribution of polypropylene obtained by Commercial Ziegler -natta catalyst: Effect of External electron Donor, Macromol. Res., 19, 622-628, 2011.
15. Matsuoka H., Liu B., Nakatani H., Nishiyama I., Terano M., Active Sites Deterioration of MgCl2 Supported Z-N Catalyst Induced by Electron Donor Extraction by Alkylaluminum, Polym. Int., 51, 781-784, 2002.
16. Alshaiban A., Propylene Polymerization using 4th Generation Z-N Catalysts: Polymerization kinetics and Polymer Microstructure Investigation, PhD thesis, Waterloo university, 2011.
17. Sukhdeep K., Virendra R., Synthesis of Polypropylene with Varied Microstructural and Molecular Characteristics Supported Titanium Catalyst System, J. Polym. Res., 18, 235-239, 2011.
18. Soares J.B.P., Kim J.D., Rempel G.L., Analysis and Control of the Molecular Weight and Chemical Composition Distribution of Polyolefins Made with Metallocene and Ziegler- Natta Catalysts, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 36, 1144, 1997.
19. Xu J., Feng L., Application of Temperature Rising Elution Fractionation in Polyolefins, Eur. Polym. J., 36, 5, 867-878, 2000.
20. Alshaiban A., Soares J.B.P., Effect of Hydrogen and External Donor on the Microstructure of Polypropylene Made with a 4th Generation Ziegler–Natta Catalyst, Macromol. React. Eng. 7(3-4), 135-145, 2013.
21. Forte M. C. and Coutinho F. M. B., Highly Active Magnesium Chloride Supported Ziegler-Natta Catalysts with Controlled Morphology, Eur. Polym. J., 32, 2, 223–231, 1996.
22. Chadwick J.C., Morini G., Balbontin G., Camurati I., Heere J.J.R., Mingozzi I. and Testoni F., Effects of Internal and External Donors on the Regio- and Stereoselectivity of Active Species in MgCl2-Supported Catalysts for Propene Polymerization, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 202, 1995-2002, 2001.
23. Amer I., Molecular Weight Effects on Crystallization of Polypropylene, PhD Thesis , Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science of Pretoria University, 2011.
24. Hakim S., Nekoomanesh M. and ShahrokhiNia A., The Effect of Mixed and Individual Silane External Donors on the Stereo–Defect Distribution, Active sites and Properties of Polypropylene synthesized with 4th Generation Ziegler-Natta Catalyst, Polym. Sci. A., 57, 5, 573-580, 2015.
25. Harding G. W., van Reenen A. J., Polymerization and Structure-property Relationships of Ziegler-Natta Catalyzed Isotactic Polypropylenes, Eur. Polym. J., 47, 70, 2011.