نانوکامپوزیت‌های هیدروژلی بر پایه نانوذرات سرامیکی با کارکردهای مهندسی بافت
محورهای موضوعی :
حامد سلیمی کناری
1
پریسا نیکپور
2
(دانشگاه مازندران بابلسر)
سید محمود ربیعی
3
(دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی بابل)
کلید واژه: نانوکامپوزیت هیدروژل مهندسی بافت استخوان,
چکیده مقاله :
هیدروژل‌ها، شبکه‌های پلیمری سه‌بعدی از هموپلیمرها یا کوپلیمرهای شبکه‌ای شده با توانایی جذب مقدار زیادی از آب یا سیالات بیولوژیک هستند. با توجه به ویژگی‌های قابل توجه‌ای، نظیر تنوع در ساخت، قابلیت کنترل خواص فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی آن‌ها، ساختار بسیار متخلخل، جذب آب بالا، زیست سازگاری بسیار عالی و شباهت با ماتریس خارج سلولی، از جمله مهم‌ترین زیست مواد با کاربردهای بالینی و دارویی می‌باشند که بطور گسترده در تحقیقات دانشگاهی و صنعتی بررسی شده‌اند. از جمله روش‌های نوظهور برای توسعه کاربرد هیدروژل‌ها، بهبود خواص و غلبه بر محدودیت‌های ذاتی هیدروژل‌های پلیمری نظیر استحکام مکانیکی پایین، افزودن نانوذرات در شبکه هیدروژل است. کامپوزیت کردن آن‌ها با نانوذرات سرامیکی نظیر کلسیم فسفات‌ها، شیشه‌های زیستی و هیدروکسی آپاتیت روشی مناسب جهت دست‌یابی به نانوکامپوزت‌های هیدروژلی با خواص فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیک مناسب و منحصربفرد می‌باشد. در این مقاله مروری، اصول هیدروژل‌ها و نانوذرات سرامیکی بطور مختصر ارائه شده است، سپس به دستاوردها و پیشرفت‌های اخیر در طراحی، سنتز و کاربردهای نانوکامپوزیت‌های هیدروژلی حاوی نانوذرات سرامیکی با تاکید بر مهندسی بافت استخوان پرداخته شده است.
Hydrogels, which consist of three-dimensional polymer networks from crosslinked homopolymers or copolymers, are able to absorb a large amount of water or biological fluids. Due to the remarkable characteristic of hydrogels, such as versatility in fabrication, high tunability in the physical, chemical, and biological properties, especially their excellent biocompatibility and similarity to native extracellular matrix (ECM), are an important class of biomaterials that can be utilized in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Hence; they have been most extensively studied in academic and industrial research. An emerging approach to reinforce polymeric hydrogels in order to overcome basic drawbacks of traditional the limitations of chemically crosslinked hydrogels such as low mechanical strength, focuses on incorporation of nanoparticles within the hydrogel network. A various types of ceramic nanoparticles such as nanoclays, bioglasses and hydroxy apatite can be integrated within the hydrogel networks to provide hydrogel nanocomposites with unique chemical, physical, and biological properties. In this review, the fundamentals of hydrogels and ceramic nanoparticles were briefly discussed, then we focused on the most recent accomplishments and developments in the design, synthesis and application of nanocomposite hydrogels containing ceramic nanoparticles especially bioactive glass, with emphasis on bone tissue engineering.
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